The first laparoscopic cholecistectomy was performed in France in 1987. Until now surgery has experienced a real revolution, becoming more technological and less invasive.
The current advanced micro and minimally invasive surgery techniques allow us to perform surgeries thanks to the help of a digital camera and subtle and sophisticated tools (holding forceps and for tissue synthesis, dissectors, scissors, automatic staplers, suctions, etc) which are introduced into the abdominal or thoracic cavity with only few incisions, between 0.3-1.5 cm.

If we need to take away the specimen we can extend a few cm the surgical incision. The operation is always performed under general anaesthesia and it begins by insufflating carbon dioxide into the abdomen, which relaxes the abdominal wall allowing an easier view of the internal organs.
There is no need to insufflate carbon dioxide into the thoracic cavity because it is sufficient to collapse the lung.
The images of the structures we are operating on are displayed on a monitor and they can also be enlarged to 20 times.

The operation can be considered the same as the open surgery but the technique and the technology used are different and the operating time ratio can be minimized after an appropriate period of training.

In the short term there are many advantages to the patients:

• Less trauma
• Less post-operative pain
• Short period of bed rest
• Low risk of cardio-respiratory complications
• Short hospital stay
• Reduced chance of infection
• Rapid wounds healing
• Quick return to normal activity
• Improved cosmetic results

The long term results of minimally invasive can be considered similar as to the open surgery.